In-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device having plurality of pixel regions

ABSTRACT

An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device (LCD) is disclosed in which a first portion of one pixel region has alignment direction clockwise inclined relative to the extension direction of the data electrode, and a second portion of the pixel region has alignment direction counterclockwise inclined relative to the extension direction of the data electrode. This in-plane switching mode LCD has an improved viewing angle characteristics.

This application is a Continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/110,961, FILEDJul. 7, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,961.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, andmore particularly to an in-plane switching (“IPS”) mode liquid crystaldisplay device.

B. Description Of The Related Art

Recently, the thin film transistor liquid crystal display devices (TFTLCDs) have been used as display devices in such applications as portabletelevisions and notebook computers, but these TFT LCDs have smallviewing angles.

In order to solve this problem, twisted nematic LCDs having, forexample, optical compensation films and multi-domains, have beenintroduced. In these LCDs, however, the color of the image is largelyshifted as the viewing angle direction increases.

For a wide viewing angle, the IPS mode LCD is disclosed, for example, inJAPAN DISPLAY 92 page 547, Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No.7-36058, Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 7-225388, and ASIADISPLAY 95 page 707.

FIG. 1 is a view showing the operation of liquid crystal (LC) moleculesof the conventional IPS mode LCD. FIG. 2 is a view showing the long axisof the LC molecules shown in FIG. 1. As shown in the figures, a dataelectrode 8 and a common electrode 9 are aligned in Y axis direction atan angle θ_(EL)=90° relative to the X axis direction which is theextension direction of a gate bus line (not shown). θ_(E)=180° indicatesan angle between the direction of electric field and X axis direction.θ_(R) indicates an angle between the alignment direction and the X axisdirection, and angle θ_(R) is determined by a rubbing process in therange of 90° to 180°. θ_(rot) indicates a rotated angle of liquidcrystal molecules 35 by the electric field applied between the twoelectrodes.

When a voltage is not applied, liquid crystal molecules 35 denoted bydotted line are aligned according to the alignment direction at angleθ_(R). When the voltage is applied, liquid crystal molecules 35 rotatecounterclockwise by angle θ_(rot). In the figures, liquid crystalmolecules 35 are denoted by solid line after the voltage is applied, anda positive type liquid crystal is used in which electric permittivity ofliquid crystal molecules in the long axis direction is larger than inthe short axis direction. On the other hand, when negative type liquidcrystal is used, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicularto the electric field direction.

However, in the conventional IPS mode LCD, grey level inversion iscaused by birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules as shown in FIG.3a. Further, as shown in FIG. 3b, a white color is shifted to blue andyellow colors respectively in A and B viewing directions shown in FIG.1.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to prevent a color shift in anin-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device.

Another object of the present invention is to prevent a grey levelinversion in an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth inpart in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious fromthe description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Theobjects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained bymeans of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose of theinvention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the in-planeswitching mode liquid crystal display of the present inventioncomprises: a first substrate having a plurality of pixels, data andcommon electrodes over the first substrate and substantially parallelwith a reference direction, a first alignment layer over the data andcommon electrodes, wherein at least one of the plurality of pixels has aplurality of domains, and at least two adjacent domains of the pluralityof domains have alignment directions opposite one another with respectto the reference direction.

In another aspect the in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display ofthe present invention comprises: a substrate having a plurality ofpixels, data and common electrodes over the substrate and substantiallyparallel with a reference direction, an alignment layer over the dataand common electrodes and having first and second domains adjacent oneanother, each of the first and second domains having at least one of thepluarity of pixels and an alignment direction opposite that of the otherdomain with respect to the reference direction.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory onlyand are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention andtogether with the description, serve to explain the principles of theinvention.

In the figures:

FIG. 1 is a view showing the operation of liquid crystal molecules inthe conventional IPS mode LCD;

FIG. 2 is a view showing the long axis of the LC molecules shown in FIG.1;

FIGS. 3a and 3 b are views showing a contrast ratio and a color shift ofthe conventional IPS mode LCD respectively;

FIGS. 4a and 4 b are plan and sectional views showing an IPS mode LCDaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a view showing the operation of liquid crystal molecules in afirst embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a view showing a long axis of the LC molecules shown in FIG.5;

FIGS. 7a and 7 b are views showing a viewing angle characteristic and acolor shift of the present invention respectively;

FIG. 8 is a view showing a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a view showing a third embodiment of the present invention;and

FIG. 10 is a view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the presentinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be usedthroughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

FIGS. 4a and 4 b are plane and sectional views showing one pixel regionof the IPS LCD implemented according to the present invention, whereFIG. 4b is a sectional view taken along line A-A′ of FIG. 4a. As shownin these figures, a gate bus line 1 and a data bus line 2 are aligned tocross each other on a first substrate 10, defining a pixel region.Although only one pixel region is shown in the figures, a liquid crystaldisplay device generally has a plurality of pixel regions.

At the cross of gate and data bus lines 1 and 2, a thin film transistor(TFT) is formed, which comprises a gate electrode 5, a gate insulatinglayer 12, a semiconductor layer 15, an n+ semiconductor layer 16, asource electrode 6 and a drain electrode 7.

In the pixel region, a data electrode 8 and a common electrode 9 areformed parallel to each other. Gate and common electrodes 5 and 9 areconnected electrically to gate and common bus lines 1 and 3respectively, and source and drain electrodes 6 and 7 are connectedelectrically to data bus line 2 and data electrode 8 respectively.

Gate and common electrodes 5 and 9 are formed by etching a metal layerdeposited by sputtering a metal such as Al, Mo, Ta or Al alloy. Gateinsulating layer 12 is formed by depositing silicon oxide or siliconnitride on the surface of first substrate 10 which includes gateelectrode 5, common electrode 9, and gate bus line 1. Semiconductorlayer 15 is formed by etching an amorphous silicon layer deposited ongate insulating layer 12. n+ semiconductor layer 16 is formed bydepositing an n⁺ amorphous silicon layer or doping an n⁺ ion intopredetermined regions of the semiconductor layer 15. A passivation layer20 is formed thereon by depositing silicon oxide or silicon nitride.Data bus line 2, data electrode 8, source electrode 6, and drainelectrode 7 are formed thereon by depositing and etching a metal such asCr.

On passivation layer 20, a first alignment layer 23 a is formed bycoating polyimide, polyamide or photo alignment materials. The polyimideor polyamide alignment layer is rubbed to impart an alignment direction.On the other hand, the photo-alignment layer such as polyvinylcinnamateor polysiloxane based materials may also be used and be exposed to anultraviolet light to impart an alignment direction.

On a second substrate 11, a black matrix 28 is formed to prevent aleakage of light through the regions of the TFT and gate, data andcommon bus lines 1, 2 and 3. Black matrix 28 is formed by depositing andpatterning a Cr layer, a CrOx layer, or a black resin layer. A colorfilter layer 29 is formed thereon, which has one of R, G and B colorfilter elements (not shown) in each of the pixel regions. A secondalignment layer 23 b is formed thereon by coating polyimide orpolyamide, or photo-alignment materials such as polyvinylcinnamate orpolysiloxane based materials.

A liquid crystal layer 30 is formed by injecting liquid crystal betweenthe two substrates.

FIG. 5 is a view showing the operation of liquid crystal (LC) moleculesin a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a view showingthe long axis of the LC molecules shown in FIG. 5. Although notillustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4 b, this embodiment is characterized inthat one pixel region is divided into a first domain I and a seconddomain II which are arranged parallel to the extension direction of thetwo electrodes. In FIG. 5, only a pair of electrodes 8 and 9 isillustrated for convenience of explanation.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, data electrode 8 and common electrode 9 arealigned in Y axis direction at an angle θ_(E)=90° relative to the X axisdirection that is the extension direction of gate bus line 1 shown inFIG. 4a. θ _(E)=180° indicates an angle between the electric field and Xaxis directions. θ_(R1) and θ_(R2) indicate angles of inclinationbetween the Y axis direction and the first and second alignmentdirections respectively. θ_(rot1) and θ_(rot2) indicate the rotatedangles of LC molecules 35 and 36 in the first and second domainsrespectively. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the LC ismolecules 35 and 36 in the two domains are aligned symmetricallyrelative to the extension directions of electrodes 8 and 9.

When a voltage is not applied to the device, LC molecules 35 and 36 arealigned according to the alignment directions of the first and seconddomains. A positive type liquid crystal is used in this embodiment, andtherefore the two alignment directions are determined in the ranges of0° to 45°. On the other hand, when a negative type liquid crystal isused, the two alignment directions are determined in the ranges of 45°to 90°. In order to obtain an untwisted mode LCD, alignment directionsof the second alignment layer are determined to be the same as alignmentdirections of the first alignment layer. On the other hand, thealignment directions of the second alignment layer are determined to beperpendicular to the alignment directions of the first alignment layerto obtain a twisted mode LCD.

When a voltage is applied to the device, liquid crystal molecules 35 and36 in the first and second domains are rotated in opposite directions toeach other by angles θ_(rot1) and θ_(rot2) respectively, beingsymmetrical relative to the extension direction of data and commonelectrode 8 and 9.

In this embodiment according to the present invention, the grey levelinversion and the color shift can be prevented by the rotation of liquidcrystal molecules in opposite directions, improving the viewing anglecharacteristics.

FIGS. 3a and 3 b are views showing the contrast ratio and the colorshift of the conventional IPS mode LCD respectively, where grey levelinversion regions are denoted by the shaded areas. FIG. 7a and FIG. 7bare views showing the contrast ratio and the color shift in the presentinvention respectively. As shown in FIG. 3a, the conventional IPS modeLCD has grey level inversion regions at polar viewing angle 60° and atazimuthal viewing angles between 90° and 180° and between 270° and 0°,while there is no grey level inversion in the LCD implemented accordingto the present invention at polar viewing angle 60° as shown in FIG. 7a.

As shown in FIG. 3b, the conventional IPS mode LCD has a wide whitecolor shift, while the present invention has a narrow white color shiftas shown in FIG. 7b.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a second embodiment, wherein one pixel regionis divided into two domains which are arranged perpendicular to theextension direction of electrodes 8 and 9.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a third embodiment, wherein one pixel region isdivided into four domains. Alignment directions in the two upper domainsare inclined in opposite directions to each other relative to theextension directions of data and common electrodes 8 and 9. Alignmentdirections in the two lower domains are also inclined in oppositedirections to each other relative to the extension directions. In thisembodiment, alignment directions in two left domains and in two rightdomains are inclined in opposite directions to each other, compensatingfor grey level inversions and color shifts of each other.

In the embodiments according to the present invention, one pixel regionis divided into a plurality of domains. Generally, it is preferable thathalf of the plural domains have alignment directions clockwise inclinedrelative to the extension directions of the data and common electrodes,and the other half of the plural domains have alignment directionscounterclockwise inclined relative to the extension directions of thedata and common electrodes, so that the alignment directions of the halfof the plural domains are symmetrical to those of the other half of theplural domains relative to the extension directions of the data andcommon electrodes.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a fourth embodiment, wherein the alignmentdirections in adjacent two pixel regions are inclined in symmetricallyopposing directions to each other relative to the extension directionsof two electrodes 8 and 9. Further, the present invention can provide anIPS mode LCD in which adjacent plural pixel regions of more than two,for example four adjacent pixel regions, are aligned symmetricallyrelative to the extension directions of data and common electrodes 8 and9, so that they are rotated in opposite directions to each other. Inthis case, it is preferable that half of the plural pixel regions havealignment directions inclined clockwise relative to the data and commonelectrodes, and the other half of the plural pixel regions havealignment directions inclined counterclockwise relative to the data andcommon electrodes.

In the IPS mode LCD according to the present invention, because each LCmolecules in plural domains or in adjacent plural pixel regions aresymmetrically rotated in opposite directions so as to compensate for theangular dependence of each other, grey level inversion and color shiftare eliminated to improve the viewing angle characteristics.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the in-plane liquid crystaldisplay device of the present invention and in construction of thisdevice without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice of theinvention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spiritof the invention being indicated by the following claims.

What is claimed:
 1. An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal displaydevice, comprising: a first substrate having a plurality of pixelregions; data and common electrodes over the first substrate; a firstalignment layer on the first substrate; a second substrate; a secondalignment layer on the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layerbetween the first and second substrates, wherein at least one of saidplurality of pixel regions has a plurality of domains, and at least twoadjacent domains of the plurality of domains have opposite rotationdirections of the liquid crystal layer.
 2. The in-plane switching modeliquid crystal display device of claim 1, wherein the rotationdirections are symmetrical relative to extension directions of the dataand common electrodes.
 3. The in-plane switching mode liquid crystaldisplay device of claim 1, wherein the domains are parallel withextension directions of the data and common electrodes.
 4. The in-planeswitching mode liquid crystal display device of claim 1, wherein thedomains are perpendicular to extension directions of the data and commonelectrodes.
 5. The in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display deviceof claim 1, wherein the first and second alignment layers include firstand second alignment directions, respectively.
 6. The in-plane switchingmode liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein the firstalignment direction includes 0 to 45 degrees.
 7. The in-plane switchingmode liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein the firstalignment direction includes 45 to 90 degrees.
 8. The in-plane switchingmode liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein the firstalignment direction is parallel with the second alignment direction. 9.The in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device of claim 5,wherein the first alignment direction is perpendicular to the secondalignment direction.
 10. The in-plane switching mode liquid crystaldisplay device of claim 1, further comprising: gate and data lines onthe first substrate; a thin film transistor adjacent a crossing point ofthe gate and data lines; and a common line on the first substrate. 11.The in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device of claim 10,wherein the thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, a sourceelectrode and drain electrode.
 12. The in-plane switching mode liquidcrystal display device of claim 10, wherein the common electrode iselectrically connected with the common line.
 13. The in-plane switchingmode liquid crystal display device of claim 1, wherein the data andcommon electrodes are different layers.
 14. The in-plane switching modeliquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein the liquid crystallayer includes a positive liquid crystal layer.
 15. The in-planeswitching mode liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein theliquid crystal layer includes a negative liquid crystal layer.